The Difference Between a Market That Falls and a Portfolio That Breaks
In late February 2020, most investors had never heard of a “market-wide circuit breaker.” Three weeks later, many had watched one trigger four times in a single month — something that had happened only once before in the history of U.S. markets. The speed of that crash, and the speed of the recovery that followed roughly two months later, is often told as a story about investor psychology: people panicked, then people who held on were rewarded. That version is not wrong, but it skips the more useful part. March 2020 is a cleaner lesson in market structure — in how a shock moves through liquidity, leverage, and rules-based safeguards — than it is a lesson in willpower.
